The quarter was also hurt by Europe's sluggish economies and tight margins in Asia, said the world's biggest energy company by market capitalization.
Earnings were $9.5 billion in the first three months of the year, compared with $10.7 billion in the year-ago period, and included roughly $400 million in asset sales, ExxonMobil Corporation said in a statement.
Oil-equivalent production of oil and gas fell more than five percent, offsetting gains from high oil prices.
A surge in operational expenses, to $1 billion, also contributed to the weak quarter.
Earnings of $2.00 a share widely missed Wall Street expectations of $2.09.
Revenue rose nine percent to $124.0 billion, slightly below estimates.
A bright spot was earnings for non-US downstream operations, oil and gas operations that occur after the production phase: They more than doubled from a year ago, to $983 million.
"Despite continuing economic uncertainty, we are progressing our robust investment plans to meet the energy demands of the future," Rex Tillerson said in the statement.
Exxon reported $8.8 billion in capital and exploration spending, up 13 percent from the 2011 first quarter.
Exxon purchased $5.7 billion in shares, including $5 billion to reduce its shares outstanding.
For the second quarter, the company said it expected to spend $5 billion on share purchases to reduce shares outstanding.
In a conference call, the head of Exxon's investor relations, David Rosenthal, highlighted that the first-quarter earnings were damped by weakness in the European economy and tight margins in Asia.
Shares in the blue-chip Dow member were down 1.0 percent at $85.98 in afternoon trading.
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