Liverpool's Uruguayan striker Luiz Suarez (R) is brought down by Arsenal's English striker Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain (L) at The Emirates Stadium. (AFP/Glyn Kirk)
Liverpool had trounced Arsenal 5-1 at Anfield in the Premier League last weekend, but the London club took revenge through goals in each half by Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain and Lukas Podolski.
Steven Gerrard halved Arsenal's advantage with a 59th-minute penalty after Podolski was adjudged to have tripped Luis Suarez.
The visitors felt they should have been awarded a second spot-kick moments later after Oxlade-Chamberlain appeared to foul Suarez, but their appeals were dismissed by referee Howard Webb.
Victory in a game splattered with yellow cards means that Arsenal will host Everton in the last eight, but they will have bruises to nurse ahead of Wednesday's meeting with Bayern Munich in the Champions League last 16.
While Arsenal brought seven new faces into their team, Liverpool made only three changes, and the opening exchanges threatened a repeat of last weekend's game, when the Merseysiders had raced 4-0 up inside 20 minutes.
Daniel Sturridge spurned two excellent chances to put Liverpool ahead in the first five minutes, first drawing a near-post save from Lukasz Fabianski after racing onto Gerrard's slide-rule pass.
The England striker then squandered an even clearer opportunity, gathering a scooped pass from Suarez and rounding Fabianski, only to shoot into the side netting with his weaker right foot.
Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger said that his side's demolition at Anfield had made them "nervous" during their mid-week 0-0 draw with Manchester United, but they were not cowed by Liverpool's bright opening.
Instead they took the game to the visitors, and after Liverpool goalkeeper Brad Jones had tipped a Per Mertesacker header over the bar, they took the lead in the 16th minute.
Liverpool could only partially clear a free-kick, allowing Mesut Ozil to send the ball back into the box from the right, and when Yaya Sanogo's volley was blocked by Gerrard, Oxlade-Chamberlain stroked the loose ball home.
Podolski could have doubled Arsenal's lead when he blazed over following a raid by Ozil, but Suarez provided a reminder of Liverpool's threat late in the half with a half-volley that Fabianski scrambled away.
The Uruguayan was at it again early in the second period, bamboozling Laurent Koscielny and testing Fabianski with a low shot, but barely a minute later Arsenal doubled their lead.
Oxlade-Chamberlain was the creator, exchanging passes with Ozil on the right flank and then charging powerfully to the byline before cutting the ball square for Podolski to clip a shot beneath Jones.
Suarez and Sturridge each threatened to pull a goal back, with Ozil working Jones with a low drive at the other end in between, before Podolski's trip on Suarez allowed Gerrard to score from the penalty spot.
As evening fell and the tension in the stadium mounted, Fabianski had to save at Sturridge's feet and Liverpool were then denied what appeared a clear penalty when Oxlade-Chamberlain felled Suarez.
The England midfielder took a swing at the ball and missed, clattering Suarez with his boot and sending him crashing to the deck, but Webb awarded a goal-kick.
Suarez shot straight at Fabianski as the visitors continued to push for an equaliser, while Daniel Agger gave Arsenal a late scare when he beat Fabianski to a Gerrard free-kick, only to head the ball wide.
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