Qantas flights resume but fallout escalates

The carrier said in a statement on its website that domestic routes were scheduled as usual and that all international flights would be back to business by later in the day.

"All passenger backlog will be cleared by this afternoon," a spokesman said.

Qantas took to the skies again late Monday after a bitter industrial dispute sparked an extraordinary 46-hour shutdown that stranded some 70,000 passengers in 22 cities worldwide and threatened to damage Australia's economy.

The shock grounding of the entire fleet, announced Saturday by Qantas chief Alan Joyce, dramatically escalated a long-running feud with airline unions who oppose an Asia-focused restructuring plan.

It only ended when the government's industrial tribunal early Monday ordered an end to the grounding, and months of strikes and other industrial action by baggage handlers, engineers and pilots.

Fair Work Australia gave the airline and unions 21 days to settle their dispute over wages and conditions or undergo forced arbitration that would see a decision imposed on them.

Transport Minister Anthony Albanese demanded both sides "act in a mature way" to fix the damaging standoff, reiterating the government's gripe that it was given no prior notice of the grounding.

Prime Minister Julia Gillard has accused the airline of "extremist behaviour" in its actions and made clear Tuesday she was still furious.

"I do not believe that this extreme action should have been taken," she said.

"Qantas on Friday was talking about continuing to negotiate this dispute. On Saturday it made the decision to strand tens of thousands of passengers around Australia and around the world.

"It needs to take some responsibility publicly for that decision."

Joyce has said his actions had widespread support from the Australian business community but Assistant Treasurer Bill Shorten disagreed.

"I don't think every company in Australia is happy with what happened," he said, but added: "I don't believe that what we've seen Qantas do will be a major precedent for some sort of new wave of radical employer militancy."

Qantas now has the huge task of winning back the trust of passengers and rebuilding its brand. The airline is expected to launch a multi-million dollar public relations and marketing campaign to limit the fallout.

But it will not be easy, with anger at airports and on social media sites alike still running high, and many of those caught in the chaos vowing to never again fly Qantas.

Despite the backlash, Joyce said Monday he considered the Qantas brand "amazingly resilient" and played down fears the 90-year-old flag carrier had been irreparably damaged as it heads towards the busy Christmas period.

"We are deeply sorry for the inconvenience and stress our customers have faced over the past days and months," said a statement on the Qantas website Tuesday as the company set about rebuilding its reputation.

It added that the airline "looks forward to a rapid recovery and period of stability". "Industrial action is now over, you can again book Qantas flights with confidence," it said.

After rallying 4.4 per cent on Monday, Qantas's share price added another two per cent Tuesday, bucking the trend in a broadly negative market