Bitcoin could threaten financial stability: Fed governor

Bitcoin surged above US$11,000 for the first time before diving in value. (AFP/KAREN BLEIER)

The remarks from newly-installed Fed Vice Chairman for Supervision Randal Quarles came as the cryptocurrency took a vertiginous dive on Thursday after skyrocketing earlier in the week to more than 10 times its value at the start of the year.

Bitcoin is increasingly being embraced by Wall Street, with plans by mainstream markets to offer trading in the currency's futures, which is drawing interest and some concern from regulators.

Quarles raised concerns about how cryptocurrencies would behave in a crisis. In a speech on the payments system he said that in times of crisis, demand for liquidity among bank depositors often shoots up, putting major financial institutions under strain.

But it is not clear how digital currencies would perform in similar situations, he cautioned.

Decentralised digital currencies like bitcoin operate as a payments system with no central bank and are exchanged between sellers and buyers using cryptography.

"The 'currency' or asset at the center of some of these systems is not backed by other secure assets, has no intrinsic value, is not the liability of a regulated banking institution, and in leading cases, is not the liability of any institution at all," Quarles said in prepared remarks.

"While these digital currencies may not pose major concerns at their current levels of use, more serious financial stability issues may result if they achieve wide-scale usage."

That could create "a large challenge to the system," if digital currencies could not be predictably exchanged for the US dollar at a stable exchange rate in "times of adversity," he warned.

After breaking through the US$11,000 level on Wednesday, only hours after hitting US$10,000 for the first time, bitcoin fell sharply and around 1800 GMT, was trading at US$9,670.85, and had a total market value of about US$163 billion.

Amid the turbulent price fluctuations, the White House said Homeland Security Advisor Tom Bossert was monitoring the situation and had discussed it in a meeting this week.

"I know that's something he's keeping an eye on," press secretary Sarah Sanders said, referring to Bossert.

Nasdaq President and CEO Adena Friedman tamped down news reports that her exchange is planning to launch bitcoin futures trading next year. She told CNBC on Thursday that the tech-heavy New York exchange was still considering its next move.

"We actually haven't announced anything," she said. "I would just say that we have been having active dialogue with a lot of clients and with partners about what might be possible over time."